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FW: Freethought of the Day, Apr. 5 - THOMAS HOBBES, ALGERNON CHARLES SWINBURNE

From: Ruthe
Sent on: Monday, April 5, 2010, 10:39 AM

Freedom from Religion Foundation

Freethought of the Day

Thomas Hobbes

April 5th, 2010


On this date in 1588, Thomas Hobbes was born prematurely on "Good Friday" in England, his birth precipitated by his mother's fear of the invasion of the Spanish Armada. Thomas was the precocious son of a ne'er-do-well parson. As a tutor, Hobbes made the "Grand Tour" of Europe three times, once meeting Galileo. Contemporary John Aubrey described Hobbes as "contemplative," and charitable, always carrying a pen and ink-horn in his cane, with a notebook handy so he could jot down ideas during daily constitutionals. Aubrey noted that Hobbes once wrote a poem in Latin hexameter and pentameter "on the encroachments of the clergy on the civil power," which contained over 500 verses. De Cive was published in 1642, and Leviathan in 1651, in which Hobbes proposed the idea that a "social contract" was necessary for civil peace. Its analysis of religion brought charges of atheism, then punishable by death. When things got too hot in England after Leviathan, Hobbes repaired to Paris. After the Great Plague in 1665 was followed by the Great Fire the next year, religionists sought a scapegoat. Parliament once more targeted Leviathan for being heresy. Hobbes hastily burned many of his papers. His writing helped give birth to the Enlightenment, by analyzing and questioning religious assumptions, and proposing that religion was created by humans. Hobbes attributed "opinion of ghosts, ignorance of second causes, devotion towards what men fear, and taking of things casual for prognostics, consisteth the natural seed of religion; which, by reason of the different fancies, judgements, and passions of several men, hath grown up into ceremonies so different that those which are used by one man are for the most part ridiculous to the other." Whether Deist, or covert atheist, Hobbes was anti-clerical, anti-Puritan and anti-Catholic, and managed to live out his full 91 years in perilous times due to influential friends. D. 1679.

���Seeing there are no signs nor fruit of religion but in man only, there is no cause to doubt but that the seed of religion is also only in man. . .��� 

���Fear of power invisible, feigned by the mind or imagined from tales publicly allowed, RELIGION; not allowed, SUPERSTITION.��� 

���They that approve a private opinion, call it opinion; but they that mislike it, heresy; and yet heresy signifies no more than private opinion.���

��� Sir Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan, 1651

Compiled by Annie Laurie Gaylor

Algernon Charles Swinburne

April 5th, 2010


On this date in 1837, poet Algernon Charles Swinburne was born in London into a High Church family. Swinburne, who was very pious as a boy, later used his familiarity with religion and the bible to pillory Christianity in countless poems. At Oxford, Swinburne befriended the Pre-Raphaelite set. His poem "Atalanta in Calydon" (1865), which spoke of " . . . the supreme evil, God," launched his highly successful career. This was followed by "Poems and Ballads" (1866), whose eroticism scandalized Victorian England, but added to his poetic panache. In "Hertha," Swinburne wrote that "the gods of your fashion . . are worms that are bred in the bark that falls off; they shall die and not live." Swinburne closely followed politics, and was invited to represent English poetry in France at a commemoration of Voltaire's death in 1878. Considered "excitable" as a youth and enjoying a reputation as a decadent, Swinburne was rescued from ill health apparently caused by alcoholism, by legal adviser Theodore Watts. Swinburne lived his last 30 years at Watts' home in great comfort. Freethought biographer Joseph McCabe, in A Biographical Dictionary of Modern Rationalists, wrote: "No poet was ever less religious, or showed more plainly how little religion is needed for great artistic inspiration. 'Glory to Man in the highest, for Man is the master of things,' is his keynote" (from "Hymn to Man"). D. 1909.

���Thou hast conquered, O pale Galilean; the world has grown grey from thy breath.���

��� Algernon Charles Swinburne, "Hymn to Proserpine"

Compiled by Annie Laurie Gaylor

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The Freedom From Religion Foundation, based in Madison, Wis., is a national association of freethinkers (atheists, agnostics) that has been working since 1978 to keep church and state separate.

 

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