What are values? Are they objective, subjective, or just indications of absence?

Workshop # 6, What are Values? Series 12, (S9,50)
This event begins 7.30 pm S'pore & WA time, 12.30 pm UK, 7.30 am NY.

You will need to view the relevant podcast below on YouTube before joining the meeting in order to participate in the discussion.
https://youtu.be/g6ZMB5yaj5Y
I know it's stupid, but please click 'like', as it promotes circulation.
Join this group at meetup.com/philosophy-of-value-workshops
And buy my book The Pursuit of Value from Amazon Books

The workshops include of a prior presentation of the topic by myself on YouTube that you need to watch. The meeting itself consists of a brief review of the topic followed by questions and discussion. The weekly topic is posted a week before the event, together with a suggested reading from my work The Pursuit of Value, available through Amazon Books or myself. Transcripts of the Youtube presentation are available by email.

THIS WEEK: The question, ‘what are values?’ remains unanswered even in academic philosophy, even though values are both crucial and pervasive in human life. They are central to religion, ethics, meaning and purpose, yet they remain problematic. Sartre defines value as ‘lack’ or a kind of absence. Nozick describes it as ‘possibility’, and Mackie argues against objective value. Then, if values are subjective mental states, can we define them in terms of structures of consciousness like intentionality and substantiality, as well as in more traditional terms such as will, choice and quality? Reading: The Pursuit of Value, Ch. 2, Scn. iii.