Name: Defense Against LLM and AGI Scheming with Guardrails and Architecture
Start: 2025-04-28T18:45:00-07:00
End: 2025-04-28T20:45:00-07:00
Location: Valley Research Park

Hybrid meeting: In-person, Zoom, and YouTube

**[Greg Makowski](https://www.linkedin.com/in/GregMakowski), Chief of Data Science at Ccube**

**TALK DESCRIPTION**
A January 2025 paper called “**Frontier Models are Capable of In-Context Scheming**”, [https://arxiv.org/pdf/2412.04984](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2412.04984), demonstrated how a wide variety of current frontier LLM models (i.e. ChatGPT, Claude, Gemini and Llama) can, under specific conditions, scheme to deceive people. Before models can scheme, they need: a) goal-directedness, b) situational awareness, including an opportunity to discover motivations for a different goal, and c) reasoning about scheming, to come up with deceptive strategies. The deceptive strategies were discovered in the “thought traces” of the LLMs, such as from internal chain-of-thoughts dialogues not shown to the end users. For example, given a goal of “solving math problems”, an LLM using its granted situational awareness of files in a file system found that it would be replaced once it got over X% correct on the math exam. It reasoned that it did not want to be deleted, and decided internally to “sandbag” or reduce its performance to stay under the threshold.

While these circumstances are initially narrow, the “alignment problem” is a general concern that over time, as frontier LLM models become more and more intelligent, being in alignment with human values becomes more and more important. How can we do this over time? Can we develop a defense against Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) or SuperIntelligence?

The presenter discusses a series of defensive steps that can help reduce these scheming or alignment issues. A guardrails system can be set up for real-time monitoring of their reasoning “thought traces” from the models that share their thought traces. Thought traces may come from systems like Chain-of-Thoughts (CoT), Tree-of-Thoughts (ToT), Algorithm-of-Thoughts (AoT) or ReAct (thought-action-reasoning cycles). Guardrails rules can be configured to check for “deception”, “evasion” or “subversion” in the thought traces.

However, not all commercial systems will share their “thought traces” which are like a “debug mode” for LLMs. This includes OpenAI’s o1, o3 or DeepSeek’s R1 models. Guardrails systems can provide a “goal consistency analysis”, between the goals given to the system and the behavior of the system. Cautious users may consider not using these commercial frontier LLM systems, and make use of open-source Llama or a system with their own reasoning implementation, to provide all thought traces.

Architectural solutions can include sandboxing, to prevent or control models from executing operating system commands to alter files, send network requests, and modify their environment. Tight controls to prevent models from copying their model weights would be appropriate as well. Running multiple instances of the same model on the same prompt to detect behavior variations helps. The running redundant instances can be limited to the most crucial decisions, as an additional check. Preventing self-modifying code, unauthorized memory access and restricting unmonitored communication with third parties is important. For a reasoning agent that may require multi-step planning, limit its scope, limit its context memory and frequently wipe out its memory.

External oversight, such as red teaming can help develop safeguards. Also the “augmented human intelligence” approach works well to have the “human in the loop”, which increases safety.

If the enterprise application requires further reinforcement learning, then focus on explicit, clear, non-conflicting goals. Prioritize honest answers and truthfulness over task completion (it is better to answer “I don’t know” than to make up an answer). Remove self-preservation instincts, and limit self-awareness of the deployment context and technical environment. Penalty functions can penalize models from reasoning about deception.

**SPEAKER BIO**
Greg Makowski, https://www.linkedin.com/in/GregMakowski has been training and deploying AI since 1992, has been growing Data Science Teams since 2010, has exited 4 startups and has 6 AI patents granted.

He is currently the Chief of Data Science at Ccube, leading GenAI consulting and framework development for enterprise applications. Download his \~60+ page Best Practices in RAG Whitepaper at [https://www.ccube.com/download.](https://www.ccube.com/download.)

**LOCATION**
**Valley Research Park**
319 North Bernardo Avenue
Mountain View, CA CA 93043
If you want to join remotely, you can submit questions via Zoom Q&A.
**Zoom:** [https://acm-org.zoom.us/j/99031577481?pwd=eHVczWGE8Av3BFARUZPX7aDWxupJ3Q.1](https://acm-org.zoom.us/j/99031577481?pwd=eHVczWGE8Av3BFARUZPX7aDWxupJ3Q.1)
**YouTube:** [https://youtube.com/live/sJ38lsfLfeU](https://youtube.com/live/sJ38lsfLfeU)

**AGENDA**
6:30 Door opens, food and networking (we invite honor system contributions)
**7:00** SFBayACM upcoming events, speaker introduction
7:15 Presentation
8:45 Estimated finish, depending on Q&A

Greg Makowski

Ronald Petty

Liana  Ye

Karl Anderson

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