What's the difference between a belief and a theory?

What's the difference between a belief and a theory?

Is science obligated to examine the validity of astrology, the Bermuda Triangle, or acupuncture (all taken from Wikipedia's list of pseudosciences)? Or are there criteria an idea should meet before it is considered worthy of testing?

And if there is a distinction between a belief and a theory (in David Deutsch's terminology between a bad and good explanation), how should we treat them differently?

Suggested Reading:

• Chapter 1: "The Reach of Explanations" of The Begining of Infinity by David Deutsch
• The movie Intersteller. I have a short write-up of my thoughts I would love feedback on that takes examples from the movie and contains spoilers