Philosophy of Friendship: What are the bases of "friendship"?
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As you may or may not know--I didn't until late last year--Aristotle wrote extensively on "friendship" in the Nicomachean Ethics. After 69 years the concept of friendship still creates questions and uncertainty. I had close friends in high school and for a few years after high school but our interests diverged and people moved all over the country so it was hard to maintain connections.
- So if I/you haven't talked with a friend for several years, are you still friends? Are we friends who meet at Drunken Philosophy or Omnipresent Atheists?
- Can you be friends with someone with whom you have virulently divergent political views? Sartre and Camus could not.
- Aristotle regarded friendship as essential to a good life, not merely an added "bonus." Do you agree?
- In the Nicomachean Ethics (Books VIII and IX), he claims that wealth and power are meaningless without friends. Trump has wealth and power but seems to have no real friends, but wealth and power seem meaningful to him in perverted ways. Can you have meaning in your life without friends?
- Do men and women view and maintain friendships in different ways?
- Aristotle categorizes friendship into three types, based on what forms the bond:
- Utility: Based on mutual benefit, but this type is fragile and ends when the usefulness ceases.
- Pleasure: Based on shared enjoyment (e.g., humor, hobbies). Common among youth but fades as interests change.
- Virtue (The "Complete" Friendship): Based on mutual respect for each other's character and goodness. You wish good for the other for their sake, not yours.
- Key Principles of "True" (Virtuous) Friendship:
- Permanence: Virtuous friendships last a lifetime whereas those based on utility and pleasure are fleeting.
- Reciprocity: Requires mutual goodwill; secret or unreciprocated affection does not qualify.
- The "Second Self": A true friend is "another self"—their virtue helps you understand and improve yourself.
- Time and Intimacy: Deep ("complete") friendships are few, built on time and shared experiences.
- Self-Love and Friendship:
- Good friendship starts with being a friend to yourself.
- They distinguish shallow egoism (chasing honors) from real self-love (pursuing virtue).
- A virtuous person’s pleasant self-company allows them to be a stable, good friend to others.
- Aristotle argues that one's social circle ultimately reflects one's character—a view with striking relevance today. Well--the Drunken Philosophy social circle certainly reflects good character!
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