Board Game Groups Los Angeles

Board Game Social- Advanced Edition: Clocktower + Boba

🎭 **ADVANCED BLOOD ON THE CLOCKTOWER – SATURDAY AFTERNOON SOCIAL** Looking for an exciting afternoon of deduction, deception, and unforgettable social gameplay? Join us for an advanced session of **Blood on the Clocktower** at Wushiland Boba. 📍 **Location:** Wushiland Boba 🕜 **Time:** 1:30 PM – 6:00 PM 💰 **Cost:** Free to attend ($5 donation encouraged) 👥 **Recommended Age Range:** Players born between 1983 and 1999 🎲 **Scripts for the Day:** • Sects & Violets • Tossing Hot Potatoes 🧠 **Prerequisites:** • This is an advanced game session. • Players must have completed at least **two Blood on the Clocktower games** previously. • We will **not be teaching the rules** during this event. • If you are new to this group but have played before, please be prepared to show your Blood on the Clocktower online app play history. \*\*\* 🧋 Please support our host venue by purchasing at least one food item from the menu. 🎭 Expect a fast-paced environment featuring experienced players, creative bluffs, strategic discussions, and challenging scripts designed for those already familiar with the game. 🤝 Meet fellow Clocktower enthusiasts, enjoy great drinks, and spend an afternoon solving mysteries, uncovering lies, and trying to survive until the final day. ⏰ Please arrive on time so we can organize seating and begin the first game promptly. \*\*\* We look forward to seeing you there! *** **No-Show Policy** To ensure fairness and respect for all attendees, we have implemented the following No-Show Policy: * If a participant fails to attend three or more events without prior notice, they will be suspended from all future events for 3 months. * To avoid a no-show, please notify the organizer at least 24 hours in advance if you are unable to attend. * Exceptions may be considered for emergencies, but consistent no-shows will result in enforcement of this policy. *** **Photo & Media Release Notice** By attending this event, you grant the event organizers and their affiliates the irrevocable, royalty-free, perpetual, and worldwide right to photograph, video record, and otherwise capture your likeness, voice, and image during the event. You authorize the use, reproduction, publication, modification, and distribution of these materials for any lawful purpose—including but not limited to social media, marketing, promotional content, and future event advertising—in any and all media formats, now known or later developed. You waive any right to inspect or approve the final use of your likeness and release the organizers from any claims relating to the use of your image, including rights of publicity or compensation. *** **Disclaimer:** The event organizer(s) are not affiliated with this venue or any of its partners, affiliates, or associates. The event organizer(s) receive no financial incentives, perks, or benefits of any kind from the venue. They are attending this event as regular paying customers and have personally reserved the space at their own expense. In doing so, the organizer(s) are incurring a personal financial loss. Any claims or speculation suggesting that the organizer(s) are receiving financial kickbacks, special treatment, or undisclosed benefits from the venue are entirely false. *** **Release of Liability** By attending Board Game Night, you agree to release and hold harmless the event organizers, venue, affiliates, and partners from any and all liability, claims, damages, or injuries that may occur before, during, or after the event. You acknowledge that participation in any activities carries inherent risks, and you assume full responsibility for your safety and well-being. \*\*\* **Respect & Conduct (read carefully)** All attendees are expected to treat others, the venue, and game components with respect. That means: no abusive language, no physical aggression, no intentional damage to games or personal property, and no major behavioral disruptions that interfere with other people’s ability to enjoy the event. If you damage someone’s game pieces, equipment, or personal property, or if you cause a major behavioral disruption, you **will be banned** from future events. There are no exceptions for repeated offenses — damage or major disruption = **banned**. \*\*\* ⚠️**Waitlist Policy**: If you are on the **waitlist** and show up to the event **without an RSVP confirmation**, you will be considered a **walk-in** and subject to both a **late registration fee of $50.00 and a walk-in fee of $25.00**. **Failure to pay this fee will result in a permanent ban from the group.** This policy ensures fairness to all members who properly RSVP and helps us manage space, materials, and overall event quality. Thank you for your cooperation.

Game Night: Blood on the Clocktower

Come hang out and play *Blood on the Clocktower*, a super fun social deduction game full of bluffing, guessing, and a little bit of chaos. **About Blood on the Clocktower** This is a social deduction game where \*everyone\* gets a secret role—some players are trying to solve the mystery, while others are secretly working against the group. You’ll be chatting, accusing, defending yourself, and trying to figure out who’s telling the truth (and who’s definitely not). Even if you get “killed,” you’re still in the game and part of the action -- you win or lose with your team at the end of the game. It’s easy to pick up, really engaging, and a great way to meet people or just have a memorable night. **Beginners and Veterans Welcome** Whether you've never played before, or are looking to play some more complex characters and scripts, we'd love to have you. Just show up ready to play and have fun. **Cost** Admission is $10, paid at the door, and includes pizza, drinks, and various other snacks. Studious Coworking graciously maintains and provides this event space and does a lot of the heavy lifting in creating third spaces and building community. Your admission fee helps them continue to provide space for community events like this. **Conduct** This is a respectful space for everyone. Please refrain from making unwelcome personal advances. Additionally, please remember that while bluffing and lying is a core part of Blood on the Clocktower, emotional abuse or coercion is not. Any behavior that makes others uncomfortable will not be tolerated and will result in getting banned from future events. **Parking** Meters on Broadway & Hill are $1.50/hr, for 2 hrs max. Meters stop at 8pm. $5 All Day Parking is available at: Mandarin Plaza \| 978 N Broadway Bamboo Plaza \| 420 Bernard St Free Parking is available at: Broadway in front of Casa Italiana/Cathedral High School (5 min walk to Studious). Studious is also across the street from the Metro A Line – Chinatown Station.

Saturday Board Game Social: Casual Board Game Night (San Gabriel)

📍 **Location:** Blossom Market Hall 🕕 **Time:** Saturday, 1:00 PM – 5:00 PM 💲 **Cover Fee:** $10.00 per person for individuals who have attended 5 events or less in the past 3 months 👥 **Target Age Range:** 1982 to 2002 **NEW PLAYERS WELCOME!** Looking for something fun and social to do this Saturday? Come join us for Board Game Night at Blossom Market Tea Bar in San Gabriel! \*\*\* **We’ll be playing:** 🎴 **Nights of the Ninja** — quick, secret-identity bluffing & deduction. 🃏 **Cabanga!** — fast, chaotic card slaps and surprises. 🧩 **Codenames** — classic team word clues and deduction. 🐮 **Herd Mentality** — think like the crowd (avoid the pink cow!). 💬 **Let’s Get Deep: Friends Edition** — fun conversation prompts. 🤪 **Bad Choices** — party questions with a twist. 🏚️ **Betrayal at House on the Hill** — explore the mansion until the betrayal begins. 🎲 **Wits & Wagers: Vegas** — bet chips on the best trivia guesses. 🌮 **Taco Cat Goat Cheese Pizza** — silly, speedy, and hilarious. 🐒 **Monkiers** — creative word-guessing with invented clues. 🪳 **Cockroach Poker** — bluffing, lying, calling each other out. 7️⃣ **Flip 7** — press-your-luck number card game where you flip numbers and risk pushing too far. 🛡️ **Avalon** — hidden roles, deception, intense mind-games. 💎 **Splendor** — smooth engine-building with gems. ⚔️ **Legends of the Three Kingdoms** — Chinese hidden-role battle deduction. 🐺 **One Night Ultimate Werewolf** — single-round social deduction. 😺 **Exploding Kittens** — silly, chaotic, kitten-filled card mayhem. 🚫 **Banned Games:** * ❌ **A Feast for Odin** — Theoretical: 30–120 min \| Actual: \~150–240\+ min * ❌ **A Game of Thrones: The Board Game (Second Edition)** — Theoretical: 120–240 min \| Actual: \~180–300\+ min * ❌ **Agricola** — Theoretical: 30–120 min \| Actual: \~120–180\+ min * ❌ **Ark No**va — Theoretical: 90–150 min \| Actual: \~120–180\+ min * ❌ **Axis & Allies** 1942 Second Edition and most versions — Theoretical: \~240 min \| Actual: \~210–360\+ min * ❌ **Barrage** — Theoretical: 90–180 min \| Actual: \~150–240\+ min * ❌ **Brass: Birmingham** — Theoretical: 60–120 min \| Actual: \~120–240\+ min * ❌ **Brass: Lancashir**e — Theoretical: 60–120 min \| Actual: \~120–240\+ min * ❌ **Caverna**: **The Cave Farmers** — Theoretical: 30–210 min \| Actual: \~150–240\+ min * ❌ **Caylus** — Theoretical: 60–150 min \| Actual: \~120–180\+ min * ❌ **Diplomacy** — Theoretical: 4–12 hours \| Actual: \~6–12 hours * ❌ **Dune** — Theoretical: 120–180 min \| Actual: \~240–360\+ min * ❌ **Eclipse: Second Dawn for the Galaxy** — Theoretical: 60–200 min \| Actual: \~180–240\+ min * ❌ **Finspan** — Theoretical: 45–60 min \| Actual: \~60–90\+ min * ❌ **Food Chain Magnate** — Theoretical: 120–240 min \| Actual: \~180–300\+ min * ❌ **Forest Shuffle**\, including all expansion packs — Theoretical: \~40–60 min \| Actual: \~60–90\+ min * ❌ **Gaia Project** — Theoretical: 60–150 min \| Actual: \~120–180\+ min * ❌ **Great Western Trail**\, any edition — Theoretical: 75–150 min \| Actual: \~120–180\+ min * ❌ **Harmonies** — Theoretical: \~30–45 min \| Actual: \~45–75\+ min * ❌ **Here I Stand** — Theoretical: 180–360 min \| Actual: \~240–360\+ min * ❌ **Inis** — Theoretical: 60–90 min \| Actual: \~90–150\+ min * ❌ **Kanban EV** — Theoretical: 60–180 min \| Actual: \~180–300\+ min * ❌ **Le Havre** — Theoretical: 30–150 min \| Actual: \~150–240\+ min * ❌ **Lisboa** — Theoretical: 60–120 min \| Actual: \~150–240\+ min * ❌ **Ora et Labora** — Theoretical: 60–180 min \| Actual: \~150–240\+ min * ❌ **Power Grid** — Theoretical: \~120 min \| Actual: \~150–240\+ min * ❌ **Project L** — Theoretical: \~20–40 min \| Actual: \~30–60\+ min * ❌ **Puerto Rico** — Theoretical: 90–150 min \| Actual: \~150–210\+ min * ❌ **Rising Sun** — Theoretical: 90–120 min \| Actual: \~120–180 min * ❌ **Root** — Theoretical: 60–90 min \| Actual: \~90–150\+ min * ❌ **SETI: Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence** — Theoretical: 60–120 min \| Actual: \~120–180\+ min * ❌ **Star Wars: Rebellion** — Theoretical: 180–240 min \| Actual: \~180–300\+ min * ❌ **Terra Mystica** — Theoretical: 60–150 min \| Actual: \~150–240\+ min * ❌ **The Gallerist** — Theoretical: 60–150 min \| Actual: \~180–300\+ min * ❌ **Through the Ages: A New Story of Civilization** — Theoretical: \~120 min \| Actual: \~180–300\+ min * ❌ **Twilight Imperium Fourth Edition** — Theoretical: 240–480 min \| Actual: \~480–720\+ min * ❌ **Underwater Cities** — Theoretical: 80–150 min \| Actual: \~120–210\+ min * ❌ **War of the Ring Second Edition** — Theoretical: 150–240 min \| Actual: \~180–240\+ min * ❌ **Wingspan** — Theoretical: 40–70 min \| Actual: \~60–120\+ min * ❌ **Wyrmspan** — Theoretical: \~90 min \| Actual: \~90–150\+ min \*\*\* 🍧 Enjoy tasty desserts and drinks, meet new people, and dive into light, welcoming party and strategy games. 🧠 Games start shortly after arrival — please try to be on time so we can set up smoothly. 🎭 First-timers encouraged — we’ll teach rules; no experience needed. 👉 Please support the venue with a minimum purchase of one drink or dessert. 🍴 **Nearby Food Options:** If you’re hungry before or after games, there are food choices right next door: • Ono Hawaiian BBQ • Chipotle Mexican Grill \*\*\* **Respect & Conduct (read carefully)** All attendees are expected to treat others, the venue, and game components with respect. That means: no abusive language, no physical aggression, no intentional damage to games or personal property, and no major behavioral disruptions that interfere with other people’s ability to enjoy the event. If you damage someone’s game pieces, equipment, or personal property, or if you cause a major behavioral disruption, you **will be banned** from future events. There are no exceptions for repeated offenses — damage or major disruption = **banned**. \*\*\* **Policies & Notes:** ⭕ **No-Show Policy:** 3+ unexcused absences may lead to a 3-month suspension (please give 24-hour notice; emergencies excepted). 📸 **Photo & Media:** Attendance implies consent for event photos/videos for promotion. ℹ️ **Disclaimer:** Organizers are not affiliated with Summerfield Tea Bar; we’re regular paying customers. ⚠️ **Liability:** Participation is at your own risk. ⚠️**Waitlist Policy**: If you are on the **waitlist** and show up to the event **without an RSVP confirmation**, you will be considered a **walk-in** and subject to both a **late registration fee of $50.00 and a walk-in fee of $25.00**. **Failure to pay this fee will result in a permanent ban from the group.** This policy ensures fairness to all members who properly RSVP and helps us manage space, materials, and overall event quality. Thank you for your cooperation.

Let's Play Social Deduction!

July 2026 - Playtest games at Geeky Teas!

**Players and game designers wanted for this open house style event! (NOTE: Due to an absolute deluge of events at Geeky Teas, there will be no FPLA June event at GT)** Please read the event schedule, and all members, new and old, should check out the Code of Conduct at the bottom of this text. **FEE:** $8 to play at Geeky Teas - payable at the event to Geeky Teas at front desk. Once paid, you're covered to play games ALL DAY. **DESIGNER SIGN UP**: If you have a game to test during session one or two we have a new sign up protocol: **Fill out the form here- [First Play Designer Signup](https://gorgeous-mule-37d.notion.site/1c9a3d4ed35b8034b34ced27ef3d1c40)** Please read the descriptions of each time to determine if your game is appropriate for a scheduled session. *Note: new members must come to First Play as a playtester at least once before having the opportunity to run a game. If this is your first time showing your game at FPLA, please introduce yourself to either Damon or Cassandra (one or both will be near the front of the room) before your session for a quick explainer on how to get your game to the table and what to expect from playtesting.* **SCHEDULE:** Game days have 3 segments. **You do not need to come for the whole day!** However, it is good etiquette if you are testing your own game to stay and test at least one other designer's game as well. 11:00am - 1:00 pm **OPEN PLAY TESTING** This is unstructured play time, ideal for short games (45min or less), 2 player games, and games that require a quieter environment. If you're a designer, grab an available table and let people know you are looking for players. If you're a player, just sit down at a game and play! **SESSION ONE** 1:15pm - 3:15pm **SESSION TWO** 3:30pm - 5:30pm Scheduled sessions are the core of First Play! This event we have three scheduled sessions, with about 4-6 games running during each time slot. Following moderator announcements, each designer running a game will have the opportunity to do an 'elevator pitch' to players. After which, players decide which game they want to play. Two hour sessions are ideal for games that are 60-90 minutes, and have been playtested multiple times before. After play, be sure to leave time to give and receive feedback. Oh, and sometimes we give away prizes! 5:30-6:30pm **DINNER BREAK** 6:30-10pm **THE SKUNKWORKS** This is unstructured time to test your wildest ideas. Bring the game that may break in 5 minutes, the one that requires 10 people, or the one that may involve crawling on the ground. Bring objects that *could* be games, half baked ideas, and untested print and plays. Take risks, be silly, and most importantly, have fun! **SPECIAL NOTES**: No outside food is permitted but there are snacks/drinks sold at Geeky Teas. Also, FYI - There are cats at the store, roaming but keep to themselves. Please read these guides, especially if you are new to design or playtesting- **[How to do better playtesting!](https://gorgeous-mule-37d.notion.site/How-to-do-better-playtesting-1c9a3d4ed35b807b9f6ff643b5635885)** **[How to explain rules for your confusing game prototype!](https://gorgeous-mule-37d.notion.site/How-to-explain-rules-for-your-confusing-game-prototype-1d3a3d4ed35b80c683e7e4f6953e8545)** **Code of Conduct Rules** 1. Be kind. 2. Seriously, be even more kind than you think you need to be. 3. Read the guidelines for giving and receiving feedback. 4. Respect the rules of our venues (Geeky Teas, Paper Heroes, Odyssey, etc). We will continue to be welcome as long as we continue to be good guests. 5. New members must come to First Play as a playtester at least once before having the opportunity to run a game. 6. If you have RSVP'd to run a game, show up for your time slot. If you do not show up for your time slot, you will get a strike against you. Two strikes and moderators will discuss next steps with you about if you will be allowed to continue running games. 7. Be respectful of other community members- give as much as you receive. Playtest other peoples' games, not just your own. 8. In the case of an unresolvable or continuing conflict, please let a moderator know so we can determine next steps. 9. You will receive a warning if a legitimate complaint is lodged against you. In the case of a continuous issue, a group of at least 3 moderators will discuss and determine next steps. Consistent bad behavior will lead to a group ban. **See you soon!** **Have questions?** For FAQ's, please see here - [First Play FAQ’s](https://gorgeous-mule-37d.notion.site/First-Play-FAQ-s-1d5a3d4ed35b809eadb7c5c72359521b) For a specific question please email *cassandra@ixiongameworks.com* For community conversations join the Cardboard Alchemy Discord: [https://discord.gg/2pYk3TT](https://discord.gg/2pYk3TT) \- find the \#first\-play\-la\-chat channel\!

Los Angeles First-Timers Speed Dating Verified Locals

🌹 Los Angeles singles, live on Zoom A laid-back community night of speed dating with locals your age. Quick rounds, real chat, all from the couch. Pick your age group to join: Ages 18-32: [sign up](https://theliveround.com/product?productId=570&productType=onlineSpeedDating&city=Los%20Angeles&groupurlname=whimsical-readers-literary-social-club&ar=18-32&face_v=6.0) Ages 30-46: [sign up](https://theliveround.com/product?productId=570&productType=onlineSpeedDating&city=Los%20Angeles&groupurlname=whimsical-readers-literary-social-club&ar=30-46&face_v=6.0) Ages 40-58: [sign up](https://theliveround.com/product?productId=570&productType=onlineSpeedDating&city=Los%20Angeles&groupurlname=whimsical-readers-literary-social-club&ar=40-58&face_v=6.0) Ages 55+: [sign up](https://theliveround.com/product?productId=570&productType=onlineSpeedDating&city=Los%20Angeles&groupurlname=whimsical-readers-literary-social-club&ar=55+&face_v=6.0) RSVPing tells us you're keen, but your seat is only saved once you finish sign-up at your age link. Just bring an open mind. See you there. 💜

July Chess Social

**July Chess Social at Mitsi** We found a new & splendid place for some chess! This month, the Chess Social will be held for the first time at Mitsi, a beautifully designed cocktail lounge, that has only recently opened its doors! With its warm atmosphere, thoughtful design, and indoor/outdoor spaces, it's the perfect setting for an evening of chess, conversation, and live music. Whether you're a regular, a veteran, a casual player, or someone who's been meaning to shake off the rust after a long hiatus, you'll find a seat waiting for you. Come for one game or twenty. Stay for five minutes…or, even better… the whole evening! There are no brackets, no pressure, and no membership required. Just good people, interesting games, and the occasional brilliantly hung queen. Throughout the night, enjoy live music from local musicians, creating a mood that complements the evening, without being too loud, or getting in the way of the games. Most of the chess will take place on the outdoor balcony, while there will be additional tables inside. **The Deets:** Saturday, July 25 8:00pm - Midnight Mitsi Free Parking Bring a friend, challenge a stranger, linger over a beautiful position, or simply enjoy the atmosphere. We strive to give each chess social its own personality, and this one will certainly be special! Hope to see you there!!

Board Games With You

Hey party people! Come hit up Paper Hero's for a chill afternoon of board games with East Valley Board Games. Also, BUNDLE UP, as it can get quite chilly in our corner of the store. Layers are good. The gaming details: Attendance: This is a drop-in event, so you don’t have to stay the whole time. Come for an hour, come for two hours, show up late, leave early. As long as you clean up any mess that you leave, you're good with us and the wonderful store runners, Andrew and Zoey. NOTE: It is advisable that the best way to get in on a game without waiting is to come at the beginning of the event at 2pm. Otherwise you might have to wait for a game to end and another to begin. Parking: Paper Heroes is located in a strip mall on the northwest corner of Burbank Blvd. and Hazeltine Ave. in Sherman Oaks. No, we don't know why Meetup lists the city as Los Angeles and not Sherman Oaks. There are a few parking spaces in the small shopping center, and we would suggest looking for street parking as well. Since it's Sunday, meters will be free. **Important note: It's been brought to our attention that there are a few 1 hour parking signs around the venue, so as always, check parking signs carefully so you don't get a visit from a parking fairy.** We have had good luck parking on the east side of Hazeltine, just south of Burbank. Food: Outside food and drink is allowed in. We just ask as always that you are careful so as not to spill. There's a coffee shop next door, Nat's Early Bite, which is open until 3pm. Just please be careful and don’t spill food or drink on games, or you’ll be expected to replace them, which we think is a fair policy. Also, there are some game mats placed on some tables around the stores with signs asking patrons to not place food or drink on top of them. PLEASE RESPECT THIS RULE. Don't be a jerk. Guests: Guests are great! Just be sure to note it in your RSVP, and if your guests' plans change, please update your RSVP. Please understand that you are responsible for making sure that your guests spend at least $5 at Paper Heroes to support the business. More info on that in a second. Store policy: PH is asking that every person who attends our events makes at least 1 purchase or purchases $5 store credit to use in the future (the store keeps an account for you). Snacks and drinks can be part of this, but they're not ideal. It's a gaming store (also comic books!) after all (and was affected by the pandemic). What we like to do is put aside a list of games we want and buy or order them from PH, rather than get them from Amazon (doesn't Jeff Bozo have enough of our money?) The store runners and East Valley Board Games organizers (Felicity, Joe, and Alan) will remind you at the event. Games: Feel free to bring your own games, or just play the ones that others bring. There's always a healthy selection of strategy games, word games, party games, and so on.

Catan (All Levels) @ Van Nuys

BOARDGAMES AND BEER 🍻

Hi all! Let’s meet up again for some Boardgames and Beer! This month we will meet at Steelcraft in Bellflower- which is a bit larger than the Long Beach Steelcraft; it has an arcade room, coffee shop, taco shop, Argentinian food, tacos, chocolate strawberries, and beer and wine- so there is something there for everyone to enjoy! I will bring with me my typical Boardgames which include some favorites like Codenames, Cards Against Humanity, Jenga, Ransom Notes, Moniker and more! If you have a favorite board game at home that you’d like to share with the group you are more than welcome to bring it and introduce us all! I’ll save us a few picnic tables and wait around in my BLUE COWBOY HAT 🤠 I’m looking forward to seeing you there!

Monthly Board & Card Games

This is a monthly meetup at the Santa Monica Paper Hero's. This is a very casual event - show up, play games, and meet people. I set this to start after the store opens and runs for a few hours, but if you would like to coordinate to play later, feel free to use the discussion below to organize. I am always looking for hosts for this event who are happy to bring games, teach new folks, and be a representative for the meetup. Please leave a message in the discussion if you would like to volunteer, and I will help set you up!

Board Games and Boba🧋!

🎲 Bring Your Own Board Game (optional) and jacket 🧥! Come hang out, meet great people, and enjoy a chill board game night at Namiko Studio Cafe ✨ Whether you’re a serious board gamer or just here for the vibes, everyone is welcome — even your 🐶💛. Part of the night we’ll be using their outside tables, and it gets pretty chilly, so please bring a really warm 🧥 jacket. We’ll have some games available, but feel free to bring a favorite you'd like to share! ✨ We’re grateful to this café for letting us use their space. If you’re able, **please support them by purchasing a drink or snack during the event.** Most importantly, bring positive energy ✨ and **be** **respectful and kind**, so that everyone can have a fun and comfortable time together 🌿💫 **IMPORTANT:** * The **cafe closes at 7:30pm** but the cafe is keeping the secret garden in the back open for us until 10:00pm. If you are coming to the event **after 7:30pm the front door will be closed and you will need to enter through the brown gate in the back** parking lot. You can find it by driving into the alley on N Edinburgh Ave and making a left into the black iron gate, then you will see the wooden brown gate. * **No outside food or drinks** are allowed**.** **PARKING:** * There are three free spots on N Edinburgh Ave. Make sure to always read the signs! * There is plenty of metered parking that is free after 8:00 pm. * You are also able to park in the gym spots in the back parking lot after 7:30pm only (the gym closes at 7:30 pm).