Handbuilding Clay
Meet other local people interested in Handbuilding Clay: share experiences, inspire and encourage each other! Join a Handbuilding Clay group.
310
members
1
groups
Largest Handbuilding Clay groups
Newest Handbuilding Clay groups
Frequently Asked Questions
Yes! Check out handbuilding clay events happening today here. These are in-person gatherings where you can meet fellow enthusiasts and participate in activities right now.
Discover all the handbuilding clay events taking place this week here. Plan ahead and join exciting meetups throughout the week.
Absolutely! Find handbuilding clay events near your location here. Connect with your local community and discover events within your area.
Handbuilding Clay Events Today
Join in-person Handbuilding Clay events happening right now
4 WEEKS CLASS ON WATERCOLOR for beginners
**[4 WEEKS CLASS ON](https://berlinschoolofdrawing.weebly.com/watercolortra.html)**
**[WATERCOLOR for beginners](https://berlinschoolofdrawing.weebly.com/watercolortra.html)**
THU. Feb 19th and March 12th
7.30 to 9.30 p.m.
110€ in total - **ALL MATERIAL INCLUDED**
https://berlinschoolofdrawing.weebly.com/watercolortra.html
**contact of the teacher:**
travisd8@gmail.com
In this course we learn about the medium, materials and techniques of watercolour painting. You will have the opportunity to experiment and play with materials and paint your own artwork. You will leave the course equipped with the skills and knowledge to continue your watercolour painting journey.
WEEK I. Intro to watercolour.
Materials, techniques and colour theory. Preping surface and stretching paper. Start a watercolour painting from a still life
WEEK II. Put into practice what we have learnt painting from a still life / chosen image
WEEK III. Painting on a botanical reference
WEEK IV. Painting a landscape
***
Bachata Dance Class Berlin - Beginners-+ Tanzkurs (Donnerstag)
Bachata (the dance of our generation) is a social couple dance like Salsa - no choreography. The community in Berlin is active daily - you will meet a lot of open-minded people and make new friends quickly!
Every Thursday we have Bachata dance classes in Berlin - we are usually a group of around 20 people (95% beginners):
🕖 19:00 - class: Bachata Technique for Beginners+ (0-1+ years experience)
• No partner needed (we switch).
• You can start from zero in any of these classes!
📍 Adress: Klosterstraße 44 ([Google Maps Link](https://maps.app.goo.gl/5VGEqaVSy9xBCoHv9)) - near S+U Alexanderplatz
• Entry: Entrance A (next to U-Bahn), code: 5928# - 3rd floor (300), then black door.
• Price: 12€ per class.
✅ Dance teacher contact: [WhatsApp-group](https://chat.whatsapp.com/IWKPsid0cBDAUHCWKZNL2B) / [Instagram](https://instagram.com/mahir.bachata.berlin)
🇩🇪: Bachata (der Tanz unserer Generation) ist ein sozialer Paartanz wie Salsa - keine Choreographie. Die Bachata-Szene in Berlin ist groß und täglich aktiv - du wirst schnell viele offene Leute kennenlernen und neue Freundschaften schließen!
Jeden Donnerstag findet dieser Bachata Tanzkurs statt - wir sind meistens eine Gruppe von 20 Leuten (95% Anfänger):
🕖 19:00 Uhr - Kurs: Bachata Technik für Anfänger+ (0-1+ Jahre Erfahrung)
• Kein Partner nötig (wir wechseln).
• Du kannst in diesen Kursen jederzeit von null starten!
📍 Adresse: Klosterstraße 44 ([Google Maps Link](https://maps.app.goo.gl/5VGEqaVSy9xBCoHv9)) - Nähe S+U Alexanderplatz
• Zugang: Eingang A (neben U-Bahn), Code: 5928# - 3. Etage (300), dann schwarze Tür.
• Preis: 12€ je Kurs.
✅ Tanzlehrer Kontakt: [WhatsApp-Gruppe](https://chat.whatsapp.com/IWKPsid0cBDAUHCWKZNL2B) / [Instagram](https://instagram.com/mahir.bachata.berlin)
Schreib uns gerne eine Nachricht, wenn du offene Fragen hast! Wir freuen uns auf dich ❤
Terrible Volleyball (indoor)
Here, If you are good .... you are doing it wrong!
Join us for a fun, low-pressure meetup where everyone's a terrible volleyball player! Whether you're a complete beginner or just really, really bad, we're all here to have a laugh and enjoy the game. No experience necessary, just a willingness to have a good time. See you there!
NOT SUITABLE for competitive players !
***This is an indoor event. Please bring hall-sport shoes with light colour soles, street shoes or dark soles are not allowed.***
Follow us on Insta: https://www.instagram.com/landlsc
Deep Rest : Sound & Visualization Journey
This late-evening class is a deeply restorative experience designed to help participants transition from the stimulation of the day into profound rest.
The session blends gentle grounding practices, guided yoga Nidra or visualization journeys, and immersive sound healing using Tibetan bowls, voice, and subtle resonance. The intention is to calm the nervous system, release mental tension, and support better sleep and emotional integration.
This class is held in English. Bring your own mat or use one of ours. Please arrive 10 minutes early to settle in. The door will be closed once class begins, and late entry will not be possible.
The Art.OM studio is located on the ground floor, just to the left in the hallway when you enter the building.
Staying relevant: Data, innovation and the architecture of decision-making
Finally, it’s happening! [Value Rebels](https://www.valuerebels.com/) are thrilled to invite you to another [Product Management Night](https://productmanagementnights.com/), this time in the inspiring office of [Babbel](https://uk.babbel.com/). Under the banner “Staying Relevant: Data, innovation, and the architecture of decision-making”, we’ll explore how to stay innovative in a fast-changing environment and what it really takes to make meaningful, data‑informed decisions in a world saturated with signals.
📅 **Date**: March 5th
📍 **Location:** Babbels office at [Andreasstraße 72, 10243 Berlin](https://maps.app.goo.gl/PNNNehcW9GmBdf6T7)
🥂 Drinks & Finger Food Provided (veggie/vegan)
**Timetable**
18:00 \| Doors Open: Networking over drinks and light food
18:45 \| Intro and hello from Value Rebels and Babbel
19:00 \| “Escaping the innovator’s dilemma: How established companies stay disruptive” \- An on\-stage discussion with [Diana Pulnar](https://www.linkedin.com/in/diana-pulnar-51781b13/)
19:30 \| Break
19:40 "What data-driven, actually means in 2026" - A talk by [Markus Kiefer](https://www.linkedin.com/in/markus-kiefer-979372388/)
20:10 \- 21:00 \| Closing & Networking
(Please note: times are approximate)
**Get to know our experts & speakers**
🎤 **[Markus Kiefer](https://www.linkedin.com/in/markus-kiefer-979372388/)**[ ](https://www.linkedin.com/in/markus-kiefer-979372388/)is a Tech & Data Consultant passionate about turning data into better product decisions. He works with product and engineering teams to design data-driven systems and helps organisations not just to understand their users but the systems that increasingly decide for them.
🎤 **[Diana Pulnar](https://www.linkedin.com/in/diana-pulnar-51781b13/)** is VP Product at Babbel, where she leads teams that translate speech technology and learner insights into concrete outcomes. She focuses on product strategies that balance data with real learner behaviour and uses experimentation to keep decisions anchored in results for learners.
**Why join us?**
* **Discover how to stay relevant:** explore how established teams handle innovation, trade‑offs and the tension between today’s business and tomorrow’s bets.
* **Rethink what “data‑driven” means:** move from more dashboards to understanding the whole system behind your product decisions.
* **Connect with peers who get it:** share experiences with senior product, tech and data people facing similar constraints and ambitions.
**Who should attend?**
Product Leaders & Drivers
C-level & Business Leaders
Experienced product contributors
🚨 Limited spots available - reserve yours only if you’re sure you can join!
📸 **📸 Please note:** We will be capturing event photos for promotional use. Let us know if you prefer not to be photographed. Photos are only taken of people who give consent on site. You can always say no or change your mind on the day or by emailing employerbranding@babbel.com
🔜 Looking forward to seeing you on March 5th
Yin: Nervous System Reset
In this Yin practice, we take time to pause, soften, and simply be. With the support of long-held, floor-based postures, the body gradually opens, accessing the deeper layers of fascia and energy pathways.
We allow gravity to guide the process. This subtle work calms the nervous system, nurtures stillness, and encourages quiet reflection. It's an opportunity to release tension from both body and mind, and to reconnect with yourself on a deeper level.
The class is led in English and is open to all levels.
.
Architectural Kata #7: AI-Enabled Architecture
Ready to flex your architectural muscles… with a new twist? Join us for our first **AI-Enabled Architectural Kata**, where we'll tackle a real design challenge together, using generative AI as a collaborator in the architectural process. Small teams will work through a complex scenario, but this time each team gets a unique **AI collaboration role** that shapes how they interact with AI during the session. Expect lively debate, creative solutions, plus an honest reflection on where AI helps and where human judgement still reigns supreme.
**Mark your calendars for Thu, Mar 5,** and join us at **Thoughtworks Event Space** for an engaging evening dedicated to software design and architecture. Whether you're a seasoned architect, an AI-curious developer, or just passionate about software design, this meetup is the perfect platform to share, learn, experiment with new ideas and meet passionate people.
**Event Schedule**
* **18:15** – Doors open for snacks, drinks, and socialization
* **18:45** – Introduction
* **19:00** – **AI-Enabled Architecture Kata**: Small teams' work session
* **20:30** – Presentations by teams
**❓ What is an Architectural Kata?**
Inspired by the concept of “Code Kata,” Architectural Katas are exercises that allow architects to practice their skills in a real-world scenario. It's about honing our craft in software design through practical, hands-on challenges in small groups.
Read more about Architectural Katas on [Neal Ford](https://nealford.com/katas/about.html)'s website or on the [original Katas site](https://www.architecturalkatas.com/) by Ted Neward.
**What makes this one AI-Enabled?**
Building on the classic Architectural Kata format, this edition adds a new dimension: **AI as a team member**. Each team receives a unique role card that defines how they collaborate with AI during the session.
The goal isn't to see who can prompt the best. It's to explore together how AI changes the way we think about, discuss, and communicate software architecture.
**What to bring**
Please have access to at least one AI tool on your phone or laptop (Claude, ChatGPT, Gemini, or similar). We'll provide a short prompting cheat sheet for architectural AI collaboration to get you started. No prior experience with AI for architecture work is needed!
**Venue**
**Thoughtworks Event Space**, Revaler Str. 31, 10245 Berlin
*(Please note that this is a different entrance from the Thoughtworks office located at Revaler Str. 29)*
**Sponsored by Thoughtworks**
A big shout-out to [Thoughtworks](https://www.thoughtworks.com/) for sponsoring our event and supporting our mission to foster a tight-knit community of software design practitioners.
**Code of Conduct**
We adhere to the [Berlin Code of Conduct](https://berlincodeofconduct.org/) to ensure a welcoming and respectful environment for all participants.
**Spread the Word**
We believe the more, the merrier! If you think this meetup resonates with your friends or colleagues, please feel free to share this event with them. Your personal recommendation would not only enrich our community but also enhance the overall experience for everyone involved.
You can easily share this event by forwarding this invitation or sharing our event link on social media. Let's grow our community together and make this inaugural meetup a memorable and valuable experience for everyone!
**Hosting and Sponsorship Opportunities**
Interested in hosting or sponsoring future events? Check out our [Sponsor proposal](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1tXMpuB3L0x1lQKsDgO2YftWx6LATfMZADwrZwP2Ylg0/edit?usp=sharing).
Handbuilding Clay Events This Week
Discover what is happening in the next few days
Japanese Wooden Tray Workshop (sold out)
**Wooden tray making with Japanese traditional pattern**
In this workshop, we will make a wooden tray with Japanese traditional pattern Asanoha麻の葉 and Kikko亀甲. They are one of the 1000 Monyo patterns from Japan. The color of choise is all yours!
10:00 Welcoming, receiving the material
10:15 Start
1\. Theory of Monyo 10 mins
2\. Sanding 30 mins
3\. Staining 20 mins
4\. Picking color pieces 15 mins
11:30
Break 15 mins
11:45
6\. Placing pieces and glueing 30 mins
7\. Assembly of Tray frame 30 mins
12:45
Cleanning
13:00
End of the Workshop
**Instructor:** Maya Utsunomiya
**Participation fee:** 45 Euro
**Registration** is required.
**Material specifiation:** Birch plywood, stained with natural oil
**Language**
English
**Product size:** 300mm(W) x 300mm(D) x 25mm(H)
**About Maya Utsunomiya Dipl.-Ing.**
Maya is a licensed Japanese architect based in Berlin and founder of wanowa.
She has practiced at Architecture offices in different cities such as Commune design in Los Angeles, Shigeru Ban architects in Paris and VUILD Architects in Tokyo. She currently runs a design praxis in Berlin. Her main focus has been wood construction using digital fabrication. As a life work she dedicates in community building through japanese ‘Monozukuri’, aiming to connect people beyond language barriers.
Drypoint Printmaking 4-session workshop
Drypoint Printmaking Workshop — Coming Up!
Learn the fundamentals of drypoint printmaking in a hands-on workshop held over 4 sessions, every Saturday from 11:00–14:00, starting February 21. until 14.03.2026
After completing the course, participants will be able to create their own drypoint prints independently in our studio.
Upcoming workshops will introduce additional printmaking techniques, including Aquatint and Sugar Lift — stay tuned!
Price:
110€ for the full 4-session workshop
35€ for one session
Registration for full 4 - session
Please email Kifan Alkarjousli
📧 kifan@pakd-gallery.com
Limited spots available — be sure to secure yours early!
Drypoint Printmaking Workshop — Coming Up!
Learn the fundamentals of drypoint printmaking in a hands-on workshop held over 4 sessions, every Saturday from 11:00–14:00, starting February 21. until 14.03.2026
After completing the course, participants will be able to create their own drypoint prints independently in our studio.
Upcoming workshops will introduce additional printmaking techniques, including Aquatint and Sugar Lift — stay tuned!
Price:
110€ for the full 4-session workshop
35€ for one session
Registration for full 4 - session
Please email Kifan Alkarjousli
📧 kifan@pakd-gallery.com
Limited spots available — be sure to secure yours early!
Open jam session for hobby musicians
Bands is Rock-banWe match people based an level and schedule a weekly session with professional guide. Join us and bring back music to your life!
Since it’s not possible to attach Since it's not possible to attach files using this app, please DM me at info@bandsberlin.com for a song list.
Drypoint Printmaking Workshop 4-session
Drypoint Printmaking Workshop — Coming Up!
Learn the fundamentals of drypoint printmaking in a hands-on workshop held over 4 sessions, every Saturday from 11:00–14:00, starting February 21. until 14.03.2026
After completing the course, participants will be able to create their own drypoint prints independently in our studio.
Upcoming workshops will introduce additional printmaking techniques, including Aquatint and Sugar Lift — stay tuned!
Price:
110€ for the full 4-session workshop
35€ for one session
Registration for full 4 - session
Please email Kifan Alkarjousli
📧 kifan@pakd-gallery.com
Limited spots available — be sure to secure yours early!
Kreative Schreibwerkstatt in der ufaFabrik Tempelhof
Für Mitglieder von Text Collective Berlin ist die Teilnahme an dieser Veranstaltung kostenlos.
Nicht-Mitglieder werden um einen Teilnahmebeitrag von zehn Euro gebeten. Hier buchen: [https://textcollective.de/ticket](https://textcollective.de/ticket)
Es handelt sich um einen moderierten Workshop. Bei mehr als 20 Teilnehmenden teilen wir die Gruppe mit zwei Moderatoren auf.
Kreative Schreibübung mit anschließender Diskussion zum Erfahrungsaustausch, Inspiration und Motivation zu sammeln. Ein Raum für alle, die kreativ schreiben möchten – egal ob du gerade erst anfängst oder schon länger schreibst.
**Jeden ersten Samstag des Monats von 15:00 Uhr bis 17:00 Uhr in der ufaFabrik in Tempelhof.**
**Was dich erwartet:**
In unseren Treffen arbeiten wir mit abwechslungsreichen Schreibimpulsen, die neue Perspektiven eröffnen und spielerisches Experimentieren ermöglichen. Du schreibst direkt vor Ort, teilst deine Texte mit der Gruppe (freiwillig!) und erhältst konstruktives Feedback.
Die Atmosphäre ist offen und unterstützend. Hier darf ein Text noch unfertig sein, eine Idee noch roh, ein Gedanke noch unausgereift. In dieser Atmosphäre gegenseitiger Wertschätzung entsteht der Mut, sich auszuprobieren und die eigene Stimme zu entdecken. Wir lesen einander vor, geben Rückmeldung, ermutigen uns gegenseitig und praktizieren das Zuhören.
Klassisches Zeichnen/ Kurs
Hallo zusammen!
In Rahmen der PAKD Gallery Kurse bieten wir euch einen Zeichenkurs an. Wenn Ihr Zeichnen liebt und eure Fähigkeiten weiterentwickeln möchtet, dann seid Ihr hier genau richtig. In diesem Video erzähle ich euch von meinem Kurs für realistisches Zeichnen mit Bleistift - und wie er Eure künstlerische Arbeit auf ein neues Level bringen kann. Hattest Du schon immer das Gefühl, zeichnen können zu wollen - Dir fehlt aber die richtige Anleitung? In diesem Kurs lernst Du realistisches Zeichnen mit Bleistift, einfach, verständlich und Schritt für Schritt:
• Korrekte Perspektive
• Licht und Schatten
• Materialdarstellung wie Glas, Keramik, Stoff, Metall
Der Kurs ist perfekt für Anfänger und für alle, die ihre Fähigkeiten verbessern möchten. Wenn dieses Video Eure Leidenschaft für das Zeichnen mit Bleistift geweckt hat, dann schickt mir einfach eine E-Mail und lasst uns gemeinsam eure Reise in die Welt des realistischen Zeichnens mit Bleistift beginnen.
Kleiner Kurs, große Wirkung. Maximal 12 Teilnehmer\*innen! Anmeldung:Ä
[kifan@pakd-gallery.com](mailto:kifan@pakd-gallery.com)
Sichere dir deinen Platz, bevor alles ausgebucht ist.
Dienstag 18:30 - 21:30 Uhr.
25€ für eine einzelne 3- stündige Einheit 200€ für ein 10er-Paket, flexibles einlösbar.
Crochet your style
[Sharabeek.crochet ](https://www.instagram.com/sharabeek.crochet?igsh=MThsMzV3emh5YjRvOQ%3D%3D&utm_source=qr) invites you to join a crochet workshop in Berlin
_________________________________
Turn boring socks into bold, handmade pieces in our Crochet Workshop — where creativity meets good vibes.
_________________________________
6 March
19:00–21:00
Khan Aljanoub Bookshop, Berlin
__________________________________
Bring:
✔️ Clean socks that need a glow-up
✔️ €20 for one session
✔️ Your good mood
Sama — your crochet guide — will provide all the tools and yarn, and show you step by step how to crochet your own style.
Language : English and Arabic
No experience? Perfect. Beginners are more than welcome — everyone starts somewhere
Limited spots — contact us to book your seat
Handbuilding Clay Events Near You
Connect with your local Handbuilding Clay community
Crafting runes, from clay.
We will be doing homemade runes with clay. It can take a bit of processing. To let them dry and paint. But I hope every one enjoys them. ^^
## Rune Making Class
**Carve Meaning. Shape Intention. Create Something That Lasts.**
Runes are more than symbols. They are an ancient alphabet rooted in early Germanic and Norse traditions, historically used for writing, protection, divination, and marking objects with intention. Each rune carries layered meaning. Strength. Protection. Prosperity. Movement. Transformation.
In this Rune Making Class, you will create your own handcrafted rune set while learning what each symbol represents and how it has been used across history.
### What Runes Are Used For
Runes have traditionally been used for:
• Divination and guidance
• Protection markings on tools, weapons, and homes
• Meditation and self reflection
• Setting intention and personal focus
• Symbolic storytelling
Whether you approach them from a historical, spiritual, or symbolic perspective, runes are tools for reflection and intention.
***
## Who This Is For
This class is for:
• Fantasy and history enthusiasts
• Writers and world builders
• Spiritual practitioners
• Makers who enjoy hands on craft
• Anyone drawn to ancient symbolism
No prior experience is required.
***
Runes were once carved into clay, wood, bone, and stone to carry intention into the world. Now you will make your own with clay.
Seats are limited.
Reserve your place and create something timeless.
Open Candle Bar | Paint and Sip (3D Print Edition) | Tea & Snacks
Looking for a creative night out that isn’t boring or corporate? Come hang out at **The Arcane Foundry** for an open candle bar and a 3D print paint and sip! Choose something from our 3D-printed shelf — *think ceramic paint-and-sip, but way cooler and with custom models we print in-house.* Or head to the candle bar and pick your fragrances to pour your own **pillar candle or container candle**.
Sip complimentary tea, enjoy bakery snacks, and **BYOB wine or beer** while you paint, pour, and make whatever the hell you feel like making. No experience needed — this is all vibes, fun, and meeting new people while creating something you’ll actually want to take home.
Starting at a very low price of $10 and up for paint and sip
(Includes use of community paints, paint pallet, paint brushes)
PLA Models starting at $10 and up
75mm Resin Fantasy Models $25
32mm Table-Top Miniatures $10
**Candle Making** (includes vessel, your choice of wick, wax, scented oil, labels and lids)
5oz Glass Jars $15
8oz Candle Tins $25
12oz Glass Candles $35
12oz Amber Jars $40
16 oz Skull or Jack o Lantern Candle Mugs $60 (Limited Edition!)
\[www\.thearcanefoundry\.com\]\(The Arcane Foundry\)
**All materials included. You just bring yourself (and your drink of choice).**
**Payments accepted:**
* Cash
* Venmo: @Daclaud-Lee
* Cashapp: $DaclaudL
* PayPal: daclaudlee@gmail.com
Prototype, Play, and Build Workshops (In-Person @GameArena)!!!
This month, we are in-person at GameArena!!! We will also be joined by students and their games from [Shawnee State](https://www.shawnee.edu/game-design-programs)!
\-\-\-
Join us for our our monthly COGG Prototype and Play event @GameArena! Come to play and showcase your games.
We're back in the upper levels of the catwalk mezzanine area. It'll be packed with lots of camaraderie playing your game(s) and other's games on the 2nd floor as well as the 1st floor in the gaming room below the mezzanine.
Light snacks and water provided but you can buy food and drinks at the bar (alcoholic drink ID required).
[https://www.game-arena.co/menu](https://www.game-arena.co/menu)
**Attendees:**
Don't have a game to show? Not a problem! All are welcomed and invited from all ages and backgrounds. The more we can have to play test our games the better!
**Developers:**
Do you have a game that you would like to get critical feedback on? Would you like an excuse to work on a game with other talented artists, programmers, musicians, designers, and writers? Digital, table-top, non-experienced developers, and the like are welcomed! We'll provide signage for your game to help others learn more about your work. Wifi, outlets, tables, and seats (though standing tables also) are available.
Come to the Prototype and Play workshop to collaborate and meet local game developers for an evening of epic and raw game play fun! Play works-in-progress, show off your own game, work with others to add polish to a game, or even lend your talents to other fellow developers.
Can use South Garage at the Gateway with a $5 voucher on your way out.
75 E 11th Ave, Columbus, OH 43201
[https://maps.app.goo.gl/UwgveUYG37Jy7RtS9](https://maps.app.goo.gl/UwgveUYG37Jy7RtS9)
If you have any questions or comments, as always, feel free to reach out to us at [info@thecogg.com!](http://info@thecogg.com!/)
Columbus Yarn Club at the Grandview Heights Library
5:45-7:45 in Conference Room B, Library lower level. Bring your yarn projects, meet new friends.
If you plan to attend, please RSVP yes. If you can’t attend, please change your RSVP to no. This helps anyone who is waitlisted and it allows me to have an accurate count of attendees as our space is quite limited.
Plenty of parking in the lot, in the overflow lot across the street, and on the street.
See you there!
Winter Note: If the weather is bad and I have to cancel the Meetup, i will issue the cancellation not later than 3 p.m. of that day.
BeComing Circle Initiates
http://photos2.meetupstatic.com/photos/event/2/a/9/6/600_348310902.jpeg
Instructor - Crow, HPS
Class fee is $30 at the door or approved exchange
RSVP with Advance pay of $25 (discounted) by PayPal on the web or by contacting Enchanted Elements (614) 437-2642.
Reservations made directly to Enchanted Elements will be added to the class list manually not online.
Private Instruction ~ Closed to the Public ~ Initiated Members Only
Please come prepared for ritual.
Blessings ~ Crow
Building Agents with Microsoft Foundry
We will show a variety of methods for building agents that run in Microsoft Foundry. This covers the different types of agents: Prompt, Multi, and Hosted, as well as the development lifecycle using evals and traces.





















