Morality and Ethics

A diffuse harm hurts many people a little; a concentrated harm hurts one person a lot. Other things equal, diffuse harm seems less bad than its concentrated counterpart. For example, shortening a billion happy lives by a second each seems less bad than shortening one happy life by a billion seconds (\~30 years). But this attractive thought is surprisingly difficult to maintain. Although many problems for such a view are known, a particularly vivid difficulty arises in cases that involve a sequence of social positions, each very similar to the last, such as the Fortuna’s Wheel scenario. In such cases, it follows, from rather minimal assumptions, that diffuse harm is just as bad as its relevantly similar concentrated counterpart. In response, some may wonder whether the parity of diffuse and concentrated harms holds only in these special sequential cases. But it can be argued that the approximate parity of diffuse and concentrated harms extends well beyond such cases. Specifically, it can be argued that in many realistic cases, a diffuse harm will bring about an outcome approximately as bad as a relevantly similar concentrated harm. Diffuse harm is easily underestimated. Zach Barnett https://philosophy.nd.edu/people/faculty/zach-barnett/ Assistant Professor Department of Philosophy University of Notre Dame **About the Speaker:** Zach received his PhD from Brown University in 2018. He joined Notre Dame in 2023, moving from the National University of Singapore, where he taught for five years. Zach mainly studies ethics, practical rationality, and epistemology, and he hopes that his work is convincing, surprising, and easy to understand. Current research interests include collective action problems, aggregation and risk, and followability of norms. His representative publications include "Rational Moral Ignorance" (2021) in *Philosophy and Phenomenological Research*, "Why You Should Vote to Change the Outcome" (2020) in *Philosophy & Public Affairs,* "Philosophy Without Belief" (2019) in *Mind*, and "No Free Lunch: The Significance of Tiny Contributions" (2018) in *Analysis*. **\* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \*** This is a talk with audience Q&A presented by the University of Toronto's Centre for Ethics that is free to attend and open to the public. The talk will also be streamed online with live [here](https://youtube.com/live/sgs8znpzEik). About the Centre for Ethics (http://ethics.utoronto.ca): The Centre for Ethics is an interdisciplinary centre aimed at advancing research and teaching in the field of ethics, broadly defined. The Centre seeks to bring together the theoretical and practical knowledge of diverse scholars, students, public servants and social leaders in order to increase understanding of the ethical dimensions of individual, social, and political life. In pursuit of its interdisciplinary mission, the Centre fosters lines of inquiry such as (1) foundations of ethics, which encompasses the history of ethics and core concepts in the philosophical study of ethics; (2) ethics in action, which relates theory to practice in key domains of social life, including bioethics, business ethics, and ethics in the public sphere; and (3) ethics in translation, which draws upon the rich multiculturalism of the City of Toronto and addresses the ethics of multicultural societies, ethical discourse across religious and cultural boundaries, and the ethics of international society. The Ethics of A.I. Lab at the Centre For Ethics recently appeared on a list of 10 organizations leading the way in ethical A.I.: https://ocean.sagepub.com/blog/10-organizations-leading-the-way-in-ethical-ai

The Board Games event is a fun, sociable and charitable event We are a fun, friendly and kind group of people mostly in our 20s, 30s and 40s. Beginners are welcome! We are a very inclusive and social group and we teach people how to play games they have not played before :) We provide a variety of 40+ board games. The games usually take 5 or 10 minutes to learn and 30 to 60 minutes to play. **Time** * Board Games Start time: 630pm * Board Games end time: 10pm * Eat / Drink/ Socialise at a nearby pub afterwards **Location** 30 Leeds St, Toronto, ON M6G 3R8 (Ukrainian Catholic Church of the Holy Protection) The entrance to the board game room is at the back of the Church. There is a sign on the door that says BOARD GAMES GROUP. Please use the map provided on the event page also. **Fee** $10 Cash (no coins ) $11.55 by card or e-Transfer * e-Transfer before or at the event dvschiller@gmail.com for e-Transfer **Charity Donations** * This is a not-for-profit initiative. Revenue go towards covering costs of the event including venue, insurance marketing, refreshments and board games. Any surplus revenue is donated to charity **Food and drink** * Everyone will get cookies/candy for free * Cups will be provided for tap water * Bring your own food and drink. * Please do not bring CHIPS AND CRACKERS as they make a mess and are greasy * **ALCOHOL IS PROHIBITED AND WE HAVE A ZERO TOLERANCE POLICY ON THIS - there are no second chances** Photos will be taken at the event and posted publicly for marketing purposes. Please only attend if you are ok with this or tell me when you arrive that you do not want to be in any photos The event is officially hosted by Ace of Math Learning Program Ontario Inc.

**🏛️ WHAT'S PRACTICAL PHILOSOPHY ABOUT?** Practical Philosophy is a weekly meet-up that brings critical thinkers together for an opportunity to dive deep on a topic, practice communicating, and building a community. All with no ‘official’ philosophy knowledge required! 😎 Practical Philosophy is based on the idea that philosophy should be accessible to all, and not something reserved only for academics. Each week we choose a topic, and the goal is to use the conversation to develop our critical thinking and communication as we explore that topic. The goal is to help develop our Critical Thinking, Communication, and Community 🙌 **📓 HOW DOES IT WORK?** Each week, we pick one topic and discuss it. The topic for the week is shared, generally in the [Whatsapp group](https://tally.so/r/KYLZlD), along with jump-off points to get the conversation going. When groups get bigger than 7-8 people, it’s important that we break into smaller groups. This way we are able to maintain a conversational flow as opposed to having our meetups feel like a discourse or lecture. **General Meeting Agenda** Each Practical Philosophy meet-up follows this general timeline: * 19:00-19:15 - People arrive and chat, get to know each other before the official start. * 19:15-19:25 - Meeting introduction, explanation of Practical Philosophy and the topic for the week, read the guidelines and the overview so attendees know what to expect in terms of timelines. * 19:25-20:45 - Break into small groups - introduce yourselves and general thoughts on the topic, open discussion afterwards. At this point the group can review the ‘jump-off’ questions as needed, but they are just there to help guide the conversation. It’s not obligatory to answer them. * 20:45-21:00 - Bring everyone back together to discuss conclusions of the topic - each group gives a short 1-minute summary. Organizer concludes the meeting and everyone takes a group photo. * 21:00 - The official meeting is over but it’s a great opportunity to get to know people in a non-structured environment, so we often stick around, chat, and get to know each other. **🧧PRICING?** Practical Philosophy is operated entirely on voluntary donations! If we are meeting in a café, buy a beverage! Donations are 100% voluntary, but they help us to bring the gift of deep conversation to people around the world. If you'd like to support, you can [donate here](https://www.zeffy.com/en-CA/donation-form/donate-to-practical-philosophy)! (Practical Philosophy is a registered Canadian charity) **💛 WHAT PEOPLE SAY ABOUT PRACTICAL PHILOSOPHY** **🗣** “I feel like Philosophy Club helps someone build their own belief system through a series of perspectives while not promoting what’s right and wrong” - Ekam 🗣 “I got hooked from day 1 (the topic was authority) and felt it was the right place for me. I feel it is a place where people can go to learn and discuss new perspectives and increase critical thinking and community by interacting with people who might challenge your point of views but at the same time encourage you to have openness and mind flexibility.” - Daniel **🤓 FAQ** * **Do I need to study or read anything to attend?** No preparation is necessary. This isn’t a study of other thinkers. We want to know what you think about the topic, not what an old philosopher thought. If you have a perspective from a religion or a school of thought to share, throw it on the table and we’ll discuss it. * **Is there a specific philosophy that Practical Philosophy is focused on?** The goal of our meet-ups is to not have dogmatic discussions, and flex our critical thinking muscles. Because of this, we want to hear from every realm of thought, and don't study a particular school. * **Is it mostly men that attend?** Surprisingly, no! Although often, philosophy is seen as a Candelabra affair in a dark room with a bunch of guys, our Practical Philosophy meetups are generally 50/50 between genders, and we don’t meet in any dark rooms. * **Can I come alone?** Of course you can, we encourage it :) * **Can I be late?** Please don't be! We do have a 15 minute grace period where we allow people to funnel in while we hang out, but after that if you arrive too late, it disrupts the flow of the conversation. * **Where do you meet?** The location is posted in Meetup and our [Whatsapp](https://tally.so/r/KYLZlD)[ ](https://chat.whatsapp.com/FtwkSBwyNUbCTSOq5H4Kmn?mode=gi_c)group for this location. It is HIGHLY RECOMMENDED that you join the Whatsapp group! If you want to know what other cities have a Practical Philosophy Club, you can see our chapters on our[ website](https://www.practicalphilosophy.club/practical-philosophy-locations/). 🤝**POLICY** To respect our members privacy, we ask that no one privately message a member without first getting explicit consent. (This looks like speaking in person and being asked to message privately.) Contacting or texting other participants without prior consent is not permitted and may result in removal from the group. Practical Philosophy reserves the right to enforce this policy at its discretion to maintain a safe and respectful environment. **PRACTICAL PHILOSOPHY CLUB - Philosophy, everywhere. ✨** We started in Practical Philosophy back in 2021 and there are now 50+ chapters in over 25 countries, including Canada, Spain, Japan, Mexico and many more! 🗺️ **\*\*\*** **Join our [Vaughan Whatsapp](https://tally.so/r/KYLZlD) 👈** **Follow us on [Instagram](https://www.instagram.com/practicalphilosophyclub/) 👈** **Our [website](https://www.practicalphilosophy.club/) 👈**

Do you love idols so much? If so, come by and enjoy their kawaii performance.

Welcome ! OM Chanting is a group practice that has multiple benefits, including calming the mind, feeling relaxed, activating one's self-healing potential. OM Chanting''s powerful vibration contributes to send Peace . A participation of 5$ minimum is strongly encouraged to sustain the rent of the studio . \-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\- EVENT DETAILS: address: 283 Spadina Avenue; 3rd floor. ( SE corner of Spadina and Dundas). We will start at 6:30 pm. Please plan to arrive 5-10 minutes earlier. We will be sitting on chairs; you can also sit on the floor if you prefer. You are encouraged to bring a bottle of water. Looking forward to seeing you ! For more information about Om Chanting, please visit: [https://bhaktimarga.org/yoga-meditation/](https://bhaktimarga.org/yoga-meditation/) Much Love, Veda Cell: 416-845-9375

**Description:** * Join us for a 2-hour show-up-and-play session aimed at intermediate players. You’re comfortable with rules, scoring, dinking, and basic strategy. We’ll rotate for doubles and keep the pace up so everyone gets good rally time. Bring your paddle and come play. **[Details]** * **Where:** Swing Star * **Address:** 1-15 Connie Crescent, · Vaughan, ca * **Level:** Intermediate (Level 3.0 - 4.0) * **What to bring:** Comfortable athletic wear, court shoes, a water bottle, and **your paddle** ### **[Registration & Payment]** To finalize your registration, please send an **e-Transfer of $15** to **playtogether.ca@gmail.com** immediately after your RSVP. Your spot is only confirmed once the payment is received. * **Capacity:** Limited to 8 participants (First come, first served). ### **[Refund Policy]** A **full refund** will be issued in the following cases: 1. If the minimum number of participants (**3 people**) is not met 48 hours before the event. 2. If the court becomes unavailable for booking. 3. If the event is cancelled due to inclement weather. *Please note: No-shows or cancellations made within 48 hours of the event are non-refundable unless the organizer cancels the session.* Join us for a great workout and meet new pickleball friends in the Markham community!

A contemporary dance class for anyone who wants to explore movement — no experience needed, just an open mind and comfortable clothes. Each session may include a mix of: * Movement fundamentals and body awareness * Improvisation and play * Short choreographic phrases * Simple partnering and group dynamics We work with ideas like weight, flow, momentum, and sensing — building a physical vocabulary that's accessible whether you've never danced before or come from another movement background. **Where:** 155 East Beaver Creek Rd, Richmond Hill **When:** Every Saturday 2:30-4:00pm **Cost:** $25 for 1st session \| $45 drop\-in \| $40 come with a friend or 4\-class pack \| $35 for 8\-class pack **About the Instructor** Nina holds an MA in Dance Performance from Trinity Laban, London (UK), and has taught in London, Toronto, Waterloo and Hong Kong. She brings a warm, exploratory approach to every class and believes dance is for everyone. **What to Bring** * Comfortable clothes you can move freely in (long pants recommended) * Socks — avoid very slippery ones * A bottle of water Looking forward to dancing together — feel free to reach out if you have any questions. For dance tips, class snippets, and book recommendations, follow along on Instagram **@nina.philflow**

Come to our church on Sunday! We’re a welcoming bunch. Our website is nlife.ca

Sunday Morning Pick-Up Soccer - 7:30am to 9:00am Markham Soccer Dome 5300 14th Ave, Markham (McCowan and 14th) Indoor Turf Field. Game Play: 7 v 7 Fee: $15 Please EMT to miguel.jamal@gmail.com ALL AGES AND SKILL LEVELS WELCOME!!! Download the APP - Canadian Soccer Club OR Please go to www.canadiansoccerclub.com The App can be downloaded via Google Play or Apple Store. Click Register and create a profile. Log in using your credentials and select day you would like to play Please RSVP on Field 1. \*\*\*\*ALL PLAYERS MUST RSVP ON Canadian Soccer Club APP TO PLAY\*\*\*\* Games will begin at 10:00pm sharp. Players are requested to arrive by 9:50pm to pick teams and kick-off at 10:00pm sharp Players are responsible to bring the following: * Cleats or Turf Shoes * A white jersey and a black/dark jersey * Shin Guards (Strongly Recommended) If you have any questions, please contact the organizers at admin@canadiansoccerclub.com Thank you and look forward to seeing you guys out there.

Come share your views on philosophy, politics, popular opinion or whatever debatable topic that deserves more discussion. The Atheist Community of Toronto's Cognitive Congress hopes to provide a fertile discussion environment where attendees can debate topics chosen by attendees. A brief overview of the format: * Cards will be provided to attendees to fill out if they have a topic or idea they wish to discuss. * Cards will be selected at random for group discussion, until the topic has been exhausted. * We value civil discussion so please keep interruptions to a minimum and volume to a reasonable level. * As we are meeting in a restaurant, it would be appreciated if attendees order food and/or drinks (and don't forget to pay!)

Dharma Study Group Discover Pure Dharma Share peace and joy. Saturdays: 3/14, 3/1, 3/28, 4/11, 4/18, 5/30, 6/6, 6/13, 6/20, 6/27 10 am - 12 noon Please click the link below to register: [https://form.jotform.com/260146556390256](https://form.jotform.com/260146556390256)

Hello everyone, **\*\*Kindly Read Carefully\*\*** Please join me and my other groups for a fun Saturday social leisure nature walk that will include trails, parks and cool neighbourhoods in the Yonge and Eglinton area. The evening will continue after with close by Restaurant, Mingling, Pub Crawl and Live Music and Dancing. **Time and Location: Where to meet us?** We will meet at out front of the **Burger Priest (2 Eglinton Avenue)** \*Arrive early if you like (however we will meet out front at 3:00 p.m. (we will wait for everyone to arrive until roughly 3:30 p.m.) This will give us an opportunity to introduce ourselves as everyone arrives; then make our way on our small adventure through quieter and more natural parts of the city we don't usually get to see. More details below: Sincerely, Steve Flemming (Organizer/Host) **Event Details:** **Saturday, Park, Trail and Neighbourhood Walk! (with Dinner, Mingling and Pub Crawl after)** -During the walk we will stop and rest at different spots, bathroom breaks, café break, take some lovely scenic photos, group photos and share some laughs together -Play a couple ice breaker games near the beginning of the walk as well to help us get to know one another \*This event is a great way to naturally make connections, get some fresh air and (re) connect with some wonderful people **Bonus after our Leisure Nature Walk: (Optional)** \*Stick around after the walk for a fun Saturday Night gathering at an iconic venue with Dinner, Beverages and Pub Crawl (3 great locations) (with Dancing and Live Bands later in the evening) **Event Fee:** 10 dollars (cash only) when you arrive (HST is included) or e transfer in advance to Steveflemming11@gmail.com \-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\- **Time and Location: Where to meet us?** We will meet at out front of the **Burger Priest (2 Eglinton Avenue)** \*Arrive early if you like (however we will meet out front at 3:00 p.m. (we will wait for everyone to arrive until roughly 3:30 p.m.) **Drivers & Free Parking:** Plenty of parking on Yonge and residential too :) Free parking on Duplex, one street west of Yonge :) \-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\- ***Thanks for reading everyone, remember to RSVP and see you real soon!*** :) \-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-

Socrates Cafés are gatherings around the world where people from different backgrounds get together and exchange thoughtful ideas and experiences while embracing the Socratic Method; the idea that we learn more when we question, and question with others. Although this may be considered a "philosophical" group, there are no rules as to what is discussed. Those attending decide upon the questions of the night. Usually, the topics revolve around social concerns, moral issues, and the first principles of things. Prior to each meeting we vote online for the questions we will discuss. That way, we will have enough time to ruminate on them and have more in-depth conversations. If you RSVP to a meeting, you may post your question in the event comments section below. I'll send out a survey for voting a few days prior to the meetup. We discuss two questions each night. So you will get to cast two votes in the survey. When we meet, we break into smaller groups of five to seven to discuss the top two vote-getters. Each group discusses one question for around 45-50 minutes, and we then take a short break. After reconvening, each group moves on to its second question. Hope to see you there! -Brian

This will be our second (and possibly last) meeting on *Nature's God: The Heretical Origins of the American Republic*, by Matthew Stewart. For this meeting, please try to read chapters 4 and 6. (You can skim chapter 5, which is particularly confusing). **Where did the ideas come from that became the cornerstone of American democracy?** America’s founders intended to liberate us not just from one king but from the ghostly tyranny of supernatural religion. Drawing deeply on the study of European philosophy, Matthew Stewart brilliantly tracks the ancient, pagan, and continental ideas from which America’s revolutionaries drew their inspiration. In the writings of Spinoza, Lucretius, and other great philosophers, Stewart recovers the true meanings of “Nature’s God,” “the pursuit of happiness,” and the radical political theory with which the American experiment in self-government began. [LINK](https://a.co/d/bkTWJNb) This book is not always an easy read. You may want to make use of AI tools such as ChatGPT. You can ask it questions like: "What does Matthew Stewart say about happiness in his book Nature's God?" OR: What does Matthew Stewart say about Spinoza? This may be our last meeting on this book. If you want to have a third meeting later, on the last two chapters, let me know. I hope to see you there! Fred

What Happened to the Energy Transition? To land a ship on a moving target, the moon, for example, from a moving object, the earth, requires an enormous attention to facts and a mastery of detail. Getting any of these wrong can lead to disaster. Climate science tells us we must transition to a zero carbon society—and fast. But are climate-deniers the only obstacle to that transition? We will discuss the work of economic historian Jean-Baptise Fressoz who suggests that even as we move to solar panels and electric vehicles, rather than “transitioning” to a zero carbon world we will continue to consume more, and more, and more and produce more carbon dioxide. Is there a way out of here? As harrowing as it sounds, its best to pay attention to the facts and master the details so we can discuss real solutions. Perhaps, a solution that depends on a transition in our ethical thinking. In-person and available on Zoom When: Sunday, April 12, 2026 Coffee available at 10:45 AM, Speaker begins at 11:00 AM Where: Green Hedges School 415 Windover Ave NW, Vienna, VA It's more fun in person (and the coffee is free), but you can participate by Zoom at [https://us02web.zoom.us/j/83422695892](https://us02web.zoom.us/j/83422695892) Jim Ball and his family are longtime members of Ethical Culture. In his retired life he writes, gardens, and rewilds his small corner of the world with native plants.

What if the way we speak—to our families, colleagues, and communities—could actively bring out the best in others? Join us for an elevated conversation on how to incorporate the language of virtues into our daily interactions, inspired by the work of The Virtues Project. This approach centers on recognizing and naming the positive qualities—such as courage, kindness, integrity, and perseverance—that exist within each person and moment. Together, we’ll explore how using the language of virtues can: * Strengthen relationships and build trust * Shift conversations from reactive to intentional * Encourage growth, accountability, and mutual respect * Create more positive, purpose-driven environments at home and at work Through discussion, examples, and shared experiences, you’ll gain practical ways to integrate this language into everyday moments—from giving feedback to navigating conflict. Come join a different kind of conversation – one that welcomes every perspective in a search for the underlying truths that unite us all – on what we can do through our use of words to contribute to a better world. Join us for an open and respectful conversation where participants can share perspectives, experiences, and insights. Whether you come to speak or simply to listen, all thoughtful voices are welcome.

Inspired by the song "Good Job" by Alicia Keys, this gathering invites us to pause and reflect on the quiet strength, resilience, and everyday efforts that often go unseen. How often do we acknowledge the people who keep things moving—at work, at home, in our communities? And how often do we recognize that same perseverance in ourselves? In this conversation, we’ll explore: * The power of simple recognition and encouragement * How affirmation can strengthen resilience and connection * Ways to create environments where people feel seen and valued * The impact of gratitude on culture, leadership, and well-being Through reflection and shared dialogue, we’ll consider how a simple phrase—*“good job”*—can carry deeper meaning when it’s grounded in sincerity and awareness. Come join a different kind of conversation – one that welcomes every perspective in a search for the underlying truths that unite us all – on seeing, valuing, and uplighting one another. Join us for an open and respectful conversation where participants can share perspectives, experiences, and insights. Whether you come to speak or simply to listen, all thoughtful voices are welcome.

Right off of I-270, easily accessible. Join us for a fun and friendly pickup soccer game. Games will be held at Walter Johnson High School turf field every Saturday. Look for a red tote bag. When coming to the field. If the field is closed for the day. Backup location will be Stratton Local Park, a 5 min drive from the HS. We will group up and split into two teams to play. Preferably bring a light and dark shirt. To make organizing teams easier. No harsh language No harsh fouls Come to play for fun